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How do validators earn and claim XRD emissions rewards and validator fees?

Earning and claiming emissions as an “owner” staker is exactly the same as for an individual XRD token holder. The only difference is that a validator may specify a special “owner address” for their node and stake from that account.

Validator fees are also distributed to the owner address.

This means that emissions XRD tokens for both staking and validator fees are credited to the owner’s account in a staked state, and these tokens may be claimed by unstaking part or all of this constantly updating amount of staked XRD.

Assuming the node-runner has set the owner account to an account in their Desktop Wallet (which we recommend), the current amount of XRD stake that can be unstaked will be shown conveniently there.

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